A Slave of One’s Daughter? – The Eighth Commandment

A Slave of One’s Daughter?

The Eighth Commandment

Exodus 21:7-11

“When a man sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go out as the male slaves do. If she does not please her master, who has designated her for himself, then he shall let her be redeemed. He shall have no right to sell her to a foreign people, since he has broken faith with her. If he designates her for his son, he shall deal with her as with a daughter. If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, or her marital rights. And if he does not do these three things for her, she shall go out for nothing, without payment of money.”

This is difficult to understand. Apparently a man could “sell” his daughter as a “slave” if it seemed she was intended to marry the man who bought her. If this is what’s in view, then the “selling” looks more like a kind of marriage price for, perhaps, an underage woman who would serve her intended until she was able to marry him.

If the marriage did not work out—if the man was not “pleased” with her—she could be redeemed, but only within the community of faith. Alternately—and this is what makes me think the woman was yet a young girl—he might designate her for his son, in which case she ceased to be a slave and became a daughter to him.

He might even take another wife along with her, but he must continue all the privileges and duties of a husband to her as his wife.

This is not easy to understand, as I say. It helps to remember that the Law was given because of the hardness of human hearts, in order to restrain sin and to maintain justice in a society composed of sinful people. It’s easy, looking back from our vantage point, to scoff at the practice outlined here. However, from the perspective of ancient Israel, this statute must have seemed as much an expression of neighbor-love as any other of the commandments of God.

In this series of In the Gates we present a detailed explanation of the Law of God, beginning with the Ten Commandments, and working through the statutes and rules that accompany each commandment. For a practical guide to the role of God’s Law in the practice of ethics, get The Ground for Christian Ethics by going to www.MyParuchia.com and click on our Book Store.

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In the Gates is a devotional series on the Law of God by Rev. T.M. Moore, editor of the Worldview Church. He serves as dean of the Centurions Program of the Wilberforce Forum and principal of The Fellowship of Ailbe, a spiritual fellowship in the Celtic Christian tradition. He is the author or editor of twenty books, and has contributed chapters to four others. His essays, reviews, articles, papers, and poetry have appeared in dozens of national and international journals, and on a wide range of websites. His most recent books are The Ailbe Psalter and The Ground for Christian Ethics (Waxed Tablet).

Scripture quotations in this article are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version, (c) copyright 2001, 2007 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.